HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS IN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT

Zainab M.  Lateef; Zahraa Hamid Alwan Al-Saadi; Karam R  Aljarah

doi:10.55640/ijmsdh-10-09-07

Open Access

HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS IN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT

Vol. 10 No. 11 (2024): Volume 10 Issue 11 | Pages: 73-80 | https://doi.org/10.55640/ijmsdh-10-09-07

Authors

Zainab M. Lateef
Al_Karkh University for Science /College of Science.

Zahraa Hamid Alwan Al-Saadi
Al_Karkh University for Science /College of Science.

Karam R Aljarah
Al_Karkh University for Science /College of Science.

Views: 235 Downloads: 266
Google Scholar

Published Date: 2024-11-18
Download PDF: pdf

Copyright License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors retain the rights to their work published in the International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health and may republish or reproduce their own work, provided proper citation to the original publication in IJMSDH is included.

How to Cite

Lateef, Z. M. ., Al-Saadi, Z. H. A., & Aljarah, K. R. . (2024). HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS IN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT. International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health, 10(11), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.55640/ijmsdh-10-09-07

More Citation Formats

Download Citation

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Abstract

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. This review reviewed the molecular mechanisms and their implications for treatment of M. tuberculosis infection, as well as the complex host pathogen interactions underpinning M. tuberculosis infection. The ability of the pathogen to avoid the host immune responses by utilizing critical strategies for the evasion, for instance, inhibition of phagosome-lyosome fusion and modulation of the host cell pathways are discussed first. T cells play a critical role in the adaptive immune response, and granulomas develop, which are then examined in detail.

It importantly informs current treatment protocols which struggle to overcome issues of patient compliance, drug resistance and toxicity. Explored are novel therapeutic approaches targeting bacterial cell wall synthesis, virulence factors and the use of host directed therapies. Recent advances in the development of vaccines, including the innovative endeavors that hope to improve or replace the BCG vaccine, are also reviewed.

The review ends by anticipating future directions in TB management, which could be facilitated through efforts related to personalized medicine, and combination therapies, as well as rapid diagnostics to change how we think about treatment. The insights from this study are important for developing novel strategies to fight TB and to bring down its burden globally.

References

Barberis I, Bragazzi NL, Galluzzo L, Martini M. The history of tuberculosis: from the first historical records to the isolation of Koch's bacillus. J Prev Med Hyg. 2017;58(1):E9-e12.

Abbasnia S, Hashem Asnaashari AM, Sharebiani H, Soleimanpour S, Mosavat A, Rezaee SA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host interactions in the manifestation of tuberculosis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis. 2024;36:100458.

Forrellad MA, Klepp LI, Gioffré A, Sabio y García J, Morbidoni HR, de la Paz Santangelo M, et al. Virulence factors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Virulence. 2013;4(1):3-66.

Neyrolles O, Wolschendorf F, Mitra A, Niederweis M. Mycobacteria, metals, and the macrophage. Immunol Rev. 2015;264(1):249-63.

Nardell EA. Transmission and Institutional Infection Control of Tuberculosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015;6(2):a018192.

Ramon-Luing LA, Palacios Y, Ruiz A, Téllez-Navarrete NA, Chavez-Galan L. Virulence Factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as Modulators of Cell Death Mechanisms. Pathogens. 2023;12(6).

Sia JK, Rengarajan J. Immunology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections. Microbiol Spectr. 2019;7(4).

Yang H, Lei X, Chai S, Su G, Du L. From pathogenesis to antigens: the key to shaping the future of TB vaccines. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1440935.

Chinemerem Nwobodo D, Ugwu MC, Oliseloke Anie C, Al-Ouqaili MTS, Chinedu Ikem J, Victor Chigozie U, et al. Antibiotic resistance: The challenges and some emerging strategies for tackling a global menace. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022;36(9):e24655.

de Martino M, Lodi L, Galli L, Chiappini E. Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Narrative Review. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:350.

Zhuang L, Yang L, Li L, Ye Z, Gong W. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: immune response, biomarkers, and therapeutic intervention. MedComm (2020). 2024;5(1):e419.

Sankar P, Mishra BB. Early innate cell interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in protection and pathology of tuberculosis. Frontiers in Immunology. 2023;14.

Tobin DM. Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015;5(10).

Flynn JL, Chan J. Immune cell interactions in tuberculosis. Cell. 2022;185(25):4682-702.

Vu A, Glassman I, Campbell G, Yeganyan S, Nguyen J, Shin A, et al. Host Cell Death and Modulation of Immune Response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024;25(11):6255.

Ernst JD. Macrophage receptors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun. 1998;66(4):1277-81.

Maphasa RE, Meyer M, Dube A. The Macrophage Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Opportunities for Autophagy Inducing Nanomedicines for Tuberculosis Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:618414.

Dey B, Bishai WR. Crosstalk between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the host cell. Semin Immunol. 2014;26(6):486-96.

Paik S, Kim JK, Chung C, Jo EK. Autophagy: A new strategy for host-directed therapy of tuberculosis. Virulence. 2019;10(1):448-59.

Briken V, Miller JL. Living on the edge: inhibition of host cell apoptosis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Future Microbiol. 2008;3(4):415-22.

Dias SSG, Cunha-Fernandes T, Souza-Moreira L, Soares VC, Lima GB, Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, et al. Metabolic reprogramming and lipid droplets are involved in Zika virus replication in neural cells. J Neuroinflammation. 2023;20(1):61.

Rahlwes KC, Dias BRS, Campos PC, Alvarez-Arguedas S, Shiloh MU. Pathogenicity and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Virulence. 2023;14(1):2150449.

Martínez-Pérez A, Estévez O, González-Fernández Á. Contribution and Future of High-Throughput Transcriptomics in Battling Tuberculosis. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:835620.

Smith I. Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis and molecular determinants of virulence. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16(3):463-96.

Kanabalan RD, Lee LJ, Lee TY, Chong PP, Hassan L, Ismail R, et al. Human tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: A review on genetic diversity, pathogenesis and omics approaches in host biomarkers discovery. Microbiological Research. 2021;246:126674.

Yang J, Zhang L, Qiao W, Luo Y. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. MedComm (2020). 2023;4(5):e353.