Evaluating MicoRNA-21 of Human of Papillomavirus by RT-qPCR

Abstract

Human samples from Breast Cancer patients were collected from October 2024 to December 2024.Breast Cancer was included (36 – 74 years). The RT-qPCR, Method was used to detect miR-21 of all samples. The population groups studied samples subject groups were distributed into 4 groups including (36-45,46-55,56-65, and 66-75,) years. The samples were isolated from the Hospital of the (Middle Euphrates Cancer Center) this is the first study in the region to explore the relationship between HPV infection and gene expression patterns, of microRNAin breast cancer patients. A significant reduction in the expression of miR-21-5p, was observed in HPV-positive cases, indicating a potential suppressive effect of HPV on key immunological and regulatory pathways within the tumor microenvironment.

Keywords:

MicoRNA-21, HPV, RT-qPCR, Breast Cancer

References

Abbas, Ruwaidah., and Hamad, R,.et al. (2024). The relationship between both biomarkers miR-21 and CA15-3 values and the clinic-pathological features of breast cancer Iraqi patients. Research Journal of Biotechnology. 19. 222-228.

Abdulmalek, S., Saleh, A., Shahin, Y., and El Azab, E. (2024). Functionalized siRNA-chitosan nanoformulations promote triple-negative breast cancer cell death via blocking the miRNA-21/AKT/ERK signaling axis: in-silico and in vitro studies. Naunyn-schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 397(9), 6941-6962.‏

Alameedy, F. (2019). Diagnosis of Human Papilloma virus in Colorectal Cancer and Inhibition by Gamma Radiation. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 12(5), 2343-2345.‏

Asangani, I. A., Rasheed, S. A. K., Nikolova, D. A., Leupold, J. H., Colburn, N. H., Post, S., & Allgayer, H. (2008). MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) post-transcriptionally downregulates tumor suppressor Pdcd4 and stimulates invasion, intravasation and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Oncogene, 27(15), 2128–2136. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1210856

Feng, Y., Zhai, J., Vollkommer, T., Gosau, M., Smeets, R., Rutkowski, R., and Friedrich,E. (2025). An Unexpected Relationship Between Human Papillomavirus and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study. In Vivo, 39(2), 1134-1147.‏

Jaksic Karisik, M., Lazarevic, M., Mitic, D., Milosevic Markovic, M., Riberti, N., Jelovac, D., and Milasin, J. (2025). MicroRNA-21 as a Regulator of Cancer Stem Cell Properties in Oral Cancer. Cells, 14(2), 91.‏

Meng, F., Henson, R., Wehbe-Janek, H., Ghoshal, K., Jacob, S. T., & Patel, T. (2007). MicroRNA-21 regulates expression of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocellular cancer. Gastroenterology, 133(2), 647–658. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.022

Papagianni, A., Tsolakidis, D., Troupis, T., & Vartholomatos, G. (2021). MicroRNAs in HPV-associated cancers: Challenges for diagnosis and therapy. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 11(2), 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020149

Petracci, I., Bellini, S., Goljanek-Whysall, K., Quinlan, L., Fiszer, A., Cakmak, A., and Ghidoni, R. (2025). Exploring the Role of microRNAs as Blood Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(7), 3399.‏

Qin, L., Xu, P., and Jiao, Y. (2025). Evolution of plant conserved microRNAs after whole-genome duplications. Genome Biology and Evolution, 17(3), evaf045.‏

Wang, L., Wang, H., Zhou, J., & Yang, L. (2019). Biological functions of miR-21 and its roles in human diseases: Focus on breast cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(16), 3991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163991

Wiśnik, A., Jarych, D., Krawiec, K., Strzałka, P., Potocka, N., Czemerska, M., and Zawlik, I. (2025). Role of MicroRNAs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Genes, 16(4), 446.‏

Yang, S., and Li, D. (2024). Role of microRNAs in triple‑negative breast cancer and new therapeutic concepts. Oncology Letters, 28(3), 431.‏

Zhao, J. J., Lin, J., Yang, H., Kong, W., He, L., Ma, X., Coppola, D., & Cheng, J. Q. (2008). MicroRNA-221/222 negatively regulates estrogen receptor α and is associated with tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283(45), 31079–31086. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M806041200