Biochemical Features, Metabolism and Medical Importance of Sclerostin: A Review Article

Abstract

Sclerostin is a glycoprotein that was encoded by the SOST gene and crucially described as a key regulator in bone metabolism and skeletal homeostasis. The original discovery provided an insight into how Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, sclerostin regulates bone formation through osteoblasts and their activities while giving information concerning regulation of bone resorption. Besides this basic physiological function, many studies have revealed that Sclerostin was involved in metabolic, vascular, and immunological pathways thus emphasized clinical interests in such diseases as osteoporosis or cardiovascular disorders together with chronic kidney disease. Herein biochemical details and metabolic routes of Sclerostin besides its medical importance are discussed raising considerations about using it as a biomarker as well as therapeutic targeting. bone remodeling is an extremely complicated and dynamic process controlled by many biochemical factors with the central inhibitory role of sclerostin. At present, this protein occupies a unique place in the intersection of bone biology, systemic regulation, and clinical intervention-protein with high biomedical importance. Though further research on its structure, metabolism, and function would certainly lead to more therapeutic breakthroughs-the-more unveiling new dimensions about health and disease-this article attempts a review-in-ever modern-related-literature describing biochemical nature, metabolic control, and medical importance of sclerostin that make it highly relevant in skeletal as well as systemic physiology.

Keywords:

Sclerostin, SOST gene, Bone metabolism, Osteoporosis

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