Assessment of Abrasive Containing Irritants on the Bond Strength of Gutta-Percha to Radicular Dentine

Abstract

Background: Recently, nanoparticles have introduced in endodontic treatment as successful irrigants due to their ultra-small size and high surface area enabled them to penetrate deeply into the dentinal tubules and optimize root canal treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide irrigants on apical debris extrusion and push-out bond strength of gutta-percha to radicular dentin, compared to conventional saline and EDTA.

Methods: Forty extracted human maxillary first molars with straight palatal canals were instrumented using ProTaper NEXT rotary files. Samples were randomly assigned to four groups: Group A (saline), Group B (silver nanoparticles), Group C (graphene oxide), and Group D (17% EDTA). Nano-irrigants were ultrasonically activated for five minutes. Debris extrusion was measured using precision weighing of filter discs. Push-out bond strength was assessed in apical, middle, and coronal root sections using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis of debris extrusion was performed using one-way ANOVA and posthoc Tuckey’s tests, while for the overall mean push-out bond strength Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed (p<0.05)

Results: Graphene oxide and silver nanoparticle groups exhibited significantly lower apical debris extrusion compared to EDTA (p < 0.05). Push-out bond strength was highest in the apical third across all groups, with graphene oxide showing the greatest overall adhesion, followed by silver nanoparticles, saline, and EDTA.

Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide irrigants enhanced root canal cleanliness while limiting apical extrusion and increased bonding of gutta-percha. These findings support the ability of nano-irrigants to effectively alternate conventional solutions in endodontic therapy.

Keywords:

Debris extrusion, Endodontic irrigation, Gutta-percha adhesion, Push-out bond strength.

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