Awareness and Practice of Orthodontic Record-Keeping and Radiographic Documentation among Iraqi Orthodontists: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Accurate and comprehensive orthodontic records are essential for precise diagnosis, effective treatment planning, treatment monitoring, medico-legal protection, and long-term patient care. Recent technological advancements have improved the methods of recording, storing, and managing orthodontic records; however, the extent to which these practices are consistently implemented in routine clinical settings remains uncertain.

Aim of the Study: to evaluate the level of awareness and clinical practices related to orthodontic record-keeping among Iraqi orthodontists and to investigate age-related differences in awareness and record-management practices.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Iraqi orthodontists from January to March 2026 using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics, awareness of essential orthodontic records, and practices related to record storage, retention, and disposal. A total of 71 valid responses were included in the statistical analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi-square test, or Fisher’s Exact test when appropriate, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Most participants demonstrated high awareness regarding the importance of documenting patient details, medical history, radiographs, and pre- and post-treatment photographs. Orthopantomograms were routinely used, whereas lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained selectively according to clinical requirements. Conventional handwritten record systems remained the predominant method of documentation, while digital dental models were infrequently used. Significant associations were observed between age groups and specific aspects of record documentation and organization, whereas record retention and disposal practices showed no significant age-related differences.

Conclusion: Iraqi orthodontists demonstrated adequate awareness regarding orthodontic record-keeping; however, a noticeable gap persists between awareness and consistent clinical implementation. The development of standardized protocols, wider adoption of digital record systems, and continuous professional education may improve the quality, efficiency, and legal reliability of orthodontic record-keeping practices.

Keywords:

orthodontics, dental records, legal awareness, record keeping, Iraqi orthodontists

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