Evaluation of The Diagnostic Power of New Biochemical Biomarkers in The Early Detection of Sinusoidal Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Background: One objective of this study was to analyze the diagnostic potential of selected serum biochemical markers, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), as well as molecular markers including microRNA-21 (miR-21) and caudal type homeobox transcription factor CDX2 in patients with adenocarcinoma.

Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study conducted at the Oncology Center Thi-Qar, Iraq during the period from March 2025 to December. We enrolled 138 subjects, including 72 patients with confirming diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, and controls that were apparently healthy in the number of 66. Cytokine concentrations of IL-6 and CA 19-9 were obtained using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Quantification of miR-21 and CDX2 Expression Levels by qRT-PCR

Results: Serum levels of IL-6 and CA 19-9 in adenocarcinoma patients were significantly higher than the normal controls (38.72 ± 12.45 vs 8.64 ± 3.18 pg/mL, p < 0.001; 87.46 ± 35.18 vs, p <0ofU/mL U(mL)]< u) In summary, miR-21 expression was significantly increased and CDX2 expression decreased in patients compared to controls (all p < 0.001). CDX2 expression was positive in 40.3% of patients and 90.9% of controls. Using multiple linear regression, we found that miR-21 was the most significant predictor of disease severity (β = 0.412, p < 0.001; IL6 β = 0.331, p = 0.002; CA19-9 β =0.286,p=0.013; CDX2 β=− 0.274,p=0.004).

Conclusions: IL-6, CA 19-9, miR-21 and CDX2 were markedly dysregulated in the adenocarcinoma patients. These biomarkers were all significantly associated with disease presence and severity, suggesting the validity of these new findings as reliable non-invasive diagnostic tools for early diagnosis and clinical appraisal of this chronic disease in the future.

Keywords:

IL-6, CA 19-9, miR-21, CXD2, Sinusoidal Adenocarcinoma

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