Assessment of Nickel and Chromium Release from Various Commercial Stainless-Steel Crowns (An In Vitro study)

Abstract

Prefabricated stainless steel crowns (SSCs) are one of the most common dental devices used to restore primary molars which are severely damaged or endodontically treated and as an abutment tooth for a space maintainer. The use of preformed crowns for primary tooth restoration reduces treatment time and number of visits to clinics. The chemical composition is 65–73% iron, 17–20% chromium, 8–13% nickel and less than 2% manganese, silicon and carbon.The frequent use of preformed crowns has led to concerns that heavy metals in the crowns could be released into the oral cavity and accumulate in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine how much nickel and chromium were released into artificial saliva by commercially available SSCs. Thirty samples of second primary lower molar SSCs were utilized, and they were split into three groups: group 1- Nichro SSC (China)-10 crowns, group 2-Kids crown (Korea)-10 crowns, group 3-3M™ ESPE™ SSCs (USA)-10 crowns. During the test, ten crowns from each group were placed in centrifuge tubes on a plastic platform. Using a flame-type atomic absorption spectrophotometer, the nickel and chromium levels of the artificial saliva samples taken within each tube following the removal of crowns and the control samples at the end of days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 were all determined. (GBC 932 plus, Australia). The amount of nickel and chromium released over a 28-day period across the three groups was estimated using two-way analysis of variance and pairwise comparison. The release of both nickel and chromium metal ions was observed in the three groups. However, there was no significant difference in the nickel and chromium release from SSCs among the three groups tested.

Keywords:

Stainless Steel Crowns (SSCs), Nickel Release, Chromium Release, Artificial Saliva, Pediatric Dentistry, In Vitro Study, Metal Ion Release, Biocompatibility, Corrosion, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

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