Biochemical and Histopathological Analysis of Aqueous Extract of an Aphrodisiac Formulation against Acetaminophen Induce Hepatocyte Injuries in Wistar Rats

Abstract

The aimed of this study was to examine the biochemical parameters and histopathological effects of aqueous extract of an aphrodisiac formulation against acetaminophen induce hepatocyte injuries in Wistar rats. Zainacin Dadin duniya (aphrodisiac herbs) extract was prepared by cold maceration. The animal study was done using 30 adult both male and female Wistar rats was grouped into 5 groups (n=6) and orally administered with five different treatments (saline, liver drug, acetaminophen, extract and extract/ acetaminophen) for the period of 28days. The blood is collected from each grouped rat for biochemical parameters test and all rats were later sacrificed for histologically processed investigation. The results showed that the oral administration of the acetaminophen in group 3 treated rats causes a significant (P<0.05) increased in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), but, when administered with the extract in group 4 rats, there was a significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the activities of ALT, AST and ALP. Significantly (p<0.05) increased in the Kidney Function Markers (Creatinine, and Urea) and decreased in Glucose level in the group 3 rats treated with acetaminophen, when compared with the group 4 rats treated with the extract, there was a  significant (p<0.05) decreased in Creatinine, and Urea  level and increased  in the Glucose level. The serum total protein, Albumin, and Globulin significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the group 3 rats treated with acetaminophen while the bilirubin increased significantly. While group 4 rats showed significant increase in the total protein, Albumin, and Globulin and decreased in the bilirubin levels. The Results of Histopathology findings revealed hepatic tissue with distorted hepatocytes, portal vein, and sinusoids accompanied with massive necrosis in the liver of the group 3 rats treated with acetaminophen. While the liver of the group 4 rats showed, hepatic tissue with preserved architecture composed of cords of normal hepatocytes, normal portal vein, and sinusoids. There are no features of acute or chronic damage. The histologically Results of the small intestines of the all five (5) grouped rats showed preserved layers of muscosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. There are no features of acute or chronic toxicity.  Conclusively, the prolonged oral consumption of acetaminophen in animals resulted in hepatocellular deleterious effects and may be of a similar hazard in humans. Overall, administration of the extract in rats has significant ameliorative effect on the rats; this may be of immense benefits in the management of hepatocytes, necrosis in the liver and its associated biomarkers complications. Improved liver functions as well as improved antioxidant status are beneficial in the management of chronic diseases such as liver failure.

Keywords:

Acetaminophen, Biochemical parameters, histological techniques, wistar rats, Zainacin Dadin duniya extract

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