Evaluation of Erosive Durability in Dental Microchannels Sealed Using Various Sensitivity-Reducing Agents

Abstract

Dentin hypersensitivity remains a prevalent clinical condition characterized by short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentinal surfaces in response to external stimuli. The occlusion of dentinal microchannels has emerged as a primary therapeutic strategy for mitigating hypersensitivity. However, the long-term effectiveness of such treatments is challenged by erosive conditions within the oral environment, particularly exposure to acidic agents. This study evaluates the erosive durability of dental microchannels sealed using different sensitivity-reducing agents, with a focus on their resistance to acid-mediated degradation.

A comprehensive in vitro experimental design was developed to simulate clinical conditions, incorporating widely used desensitizing agents including bioactive glass formulations, potassium nitrate-based compounds, oxalate-based agents, and nanohydroxyapatite systems. The treated dentin samples were subjected to controlled acidic challenges to assess the integrity of microchannel occlusion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative image analysis were employed to evaluate structural changes, degree of occlusion, and resistance to erosive dissolution.

Findings indicate significant variation in erosive durability among the tested materials. Bioactive glass and nanohydroxyapatite-based agents demonstrated superior resistance due to their remineralization potential and ability to form stable mineral deposits within dentinal microchannels. In contrast, potassium nitrate-based formulations exhibited limited structural stability under acidic exposure. Oxalate-containing compounds showed moderate resistance but were susceptible to gradual dissolution.

The study underscores the importance of material composition and mechanism of action in determining long-term clinical efficacy. It highlights the need for developing advanced desensitizing systems with enhanced resistance to erosive challenges. The findings contribute to evidence-based clinical decision-making and provide a foundation for future research in improving therapeutic outcomes for dentin hypersensitivity.

Keywords:

Dentin hypersensitivity, dentinal microchannels, desensitizing agents, acid erosion, bioactive materials, tubule occlusion, nanohydroxyapatite, remineralization

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