The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Prolonged orthodontic treatments pose risks like root resorption and periodontal issues. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), rich in growth factors, has been proposed as a non-invasive adjunct to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate existing research on the impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the field of orthodontics

Material and Methods A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024535223). Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and others. Studies involving PRP use in orthodontics were included. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 and SYRCLE tools. Due to study heterogeneity, only qualitative synthesis was performed.

Results Human trials consistently reported an increased rate of canine retraction or space closure on the PRP-treated side, with acceleration ranging from 1.2 to 1.7 times compared to controls. Animal studies, while supporting PRP’s stimulatory effects on bone resorption and osteoclastic activity, revealed variability based on species, PRP preparation methods, and study design. Despite promising histological and clinical findings, heterogeneity across studies limited the ability to draw definitive conclusions

Conclusion Eight human and six animal studies were analysed. While some reported increased OTM with PRP, findings were inconsistent due to varied protocols and outcome measures. More standardized clinical trials are needed to validate PRP’s role in orthodontics.

Keywords:

PRP, orthodontic tooth movement, growth factors

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