REVIEW ON EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF BOVINE LISTERIOSIS

Abstract

Listeriosis is a bacterial zoonotic food born disease caused by different Listeria species; among them Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) being the most pathogenic species of ruminant animals and humans. This paper aimed to describe the current epidemiological aspects of Listeriosis and briefly point out public health importance of Bovine Listeriosis . A wide variety of animal species can be infected by L. monocytogenes, including mammals, birds, fish, and crustaceans.The disease is characterized by septicaemia, encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, rhombencephalitis, abortion, stillbirth, perinatal infections and gastroenteritis .The organism is truly ubiquitous in the environment where as a source infection commonly isolated from animal feces, human feces, farm slurry, sewerage sludge, soil, farm water troughs, surface water, plants, animal and the walls, floors, and drains of farms and other environments . The organism is truly ubiquitous in the environment and can be commonly isolated from animal feces, human feces, farm slurry, sewerage sludge, soil, farm water troughs, surface water, plants, animal and the walls, floors, and drains of farms and other environments. Transmission of L. monocytogenes is principally via fecal-oral route through the consumption of contaminated food, raw or contaminated milk, vegetables, and ready-to eat meat have been the cause of worldwide outbreaks. Animals are exposed by ingestion, inhalation, or direct contact with the Listeria bacterium. Listeriosis causes encephalitis, abortion, mastitis, repeat breeding and endometriosis in animals.  Diagnosis of the disease by molecular methods are accurate, sensitive and specific, they are increasingly used in identification of L. monocytogenes from foods. The optimal antibiotic treatment for Listeriosis was penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin rifampicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides, with the exception of cephalosporin are effective against L. monocytogenes. Control of the disease is difficult because of the ubiquitous occurrence of the organism and a poor understanding of the risk factors. However, as Listeriosis  is one of the important food-borne bacterial zoonotic diseases worldwide and  due to the increasing incidence the public health learning through Mass-media, radio and teaching livestock holder’s and people who are at risk to Listeria monocytogenes is important besides, Consumption of  unpasteurized milk and milk products should be avoided.

Keywords:

Epidemiology, Food born pathogen, Public health significance, Bovine, Listeriosis

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