Assessment of the Effect of preheating on the viscosity of resin sealants

Abstract

Abstract:

Pits and fissures sealants should have a high degree of viscosity and wettability, which would allow deep penetration of the material into the highly retentive occlusal surface of premolars and molars of children. Usually, the viscosity of liquids decreases with increasing temperature. Therefore, this study aims to assess the influence of temperature on resin sealant viscosity.

Material and methods: The viscosity of the resin sealant Grandio seal (VOCO) was determined with a rotary viscometer. The material was heated using a composite heating furnace. The viscosity of Grandio Seal resin sealant was measured at three temperature values: at room temperature of 21.5℃ (1st group), heating to 41.0℃ (2nd group), and heating to 51.0℃ (3rd group).

Results: With an increase in the number of revolutions per minute, respectively the speed of the viscometer, a decrease in the material's viscosity was reported. An increase in temperature led to a decrease in the material's viscosity. The lowest viscosity was measured at 51ºC.

Conclusion: By heating the resin sealant the material's viscosity was significantly reduced, potentially leading to better sealant penetration in the pits and fissures system and retention.

Keywords:

resin sealants, viscosity, heating, pits and fissures

References

Carvalho JC. Caries process on occlusal surfaces: evolving evidence and understanding. Caries Res. 2014;48(4):339-46. doi: 10.1159/000356307.

Wright JT, Tampi MP, Graham L, Estrich C, Crall JJ, Fontana M et al. Sealants for preventing and arresting pit-and-fissure occlusal caries in primary and permanent molars: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials-a report of the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016 Aug;147(8):631-645.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.06.003.

Beniash E, Stifler CA, Sun CY, Jung GS, Qin Z, Buehler MJ, Gilbert PUPA. The hidden structure of human enamel. Nat Commun. 2019 Sep 26;10(1):4383. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12185-7.

Jaafar N, Ragab H, Abedrahman A, Osman E. Performance of fissure sealants on fully erupted permanent molars with incipient carious lesions: A glass-ionomer-based versus a resin-based sealant. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2020 Winter;14(1):61-67. doi: 10.34172/joddd.2020.009.

Faria M, Guedes A, Rompante P, Carvalho O, Silva F, Henriques B et al. Wear pathways of tooth occlusal fissure sealants: an integrative review. Biotribology. 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.biotri.2021.100190.

Lam PPY, Sardana D, Ekambaram M, Lee GHM, Yiu CKY. Effectiveness of Pit and Fissure Sealants for Preventing and Arresting Occlusal Caries in Primary Molars: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2020 Jun;20(2):101404. doi: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2020.101404.

Ng TC, Chu CH, Yu OY. A concise review of dental sealants in caries management. Front Oral Health. 2023 Apr 17;4:1180405. doi: 10.3389/froh.2023.1180405.

Hamza B, Sekularac M, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. In vitro evaluation of fissure sealants' wear under erosive, abrasive and erosive/abrasive conditions. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2023 Feb;24(1):55-61. doi: 10.1007/s40368-022-00757-z.

Muntean A, Sarosi C, Sava S, Moldovan M, Condurache AI, Delean AG. Dental Sealant Composition-Retention Assessment in Young Permanent Molars. Materials (Basel). 2021 Mar 27;14(7):1646. doi: 10.3390/ma14071646.

Prabakar J, John J, Arumugham IM, Kumar RP, Sakthi DS. Comparative Evaluation of the Viscosity and Length of Resin Tags of Conventional and Hydrophilic Pit and Fissure Sealants on Permanent Molars: An In vitro Study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018 Jul-Sep;9(3):388-394. doi: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_131_18.

Beslot-Neveu A, Courson F, Ruse ND. Physico-chemical approach to pit and fissure sealant infiltration and spreading mechanisms Pediatr Dent. 2012;34:57–61

Juntavee A, Juntavee N, Chaisuntitrakoon A, Millstein PL, Abedian B. Microleakage and penetration capability of various pit and fissure sealants upon different sealant application techniques. J Clin Exp Dent. 2023 Oct 1;15(10):e810-e820. doi: 10.4317/jced.60577.

Yamada Y, Hossain M, Shimizu Y, Kimura Y, Masuda Y, Nakamura Y, et al. Analysis of surface roughness and microleakage of fissure sealants following organic debris removal with Carisolv. J Dent. 2008;36:130–7.

Mehrabkhani M, Mazhari F, Sadeghi S, Ebrahimi M. Effects of sealant, viscosity, and bonding agents on microleakage of fissure sealants: An in vitro study. Eur J Dent. 2015 Oct-Dec;9(4):558-563. doi: 10.4103/1305-7456.172631.

Ramamurthy P, Rath A, Sidhu P, Fernandes B, Nettem S, Fee PA, Zaror C, Walsh T. Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Feb 11;2(2):CD012981. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012981.pub2. PMID: 35146744; PMCID: PMC8832104.

Mürnseer M, Rosentritt M, Behr G. Handel G. Three-body wear of fissure sealants. Abstract Archives. March 22, 2000. Accessed September 2024. https://iadr.abstractarchives.com/abstract/2007Orleans-88913/three-body-wear-of-fissure-sealants

Kuşgöz A, Tüzüner T, Ulker M, Kemer B, Saray O. Conversion degree, microhardness, microleakage and fluoride release of different fissure sealants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2010 Nov;3(8):594-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2010.07.008. Epub 2010 Jul 27. PMID: 20826365.

Highly filled nano-hybrid pit and fissure sealant. VOCO. Accessed November 2020. https://www.voco.dental/us/products/preventive-care/fissure-sealing/grandio-seal.aspx

Wright JT, Crall JJ, Fontana M, Gillette EJ, Nový BB, Dhar V, Donly K, Hewlett ER, Quinonez RB, Chaffin J, Crespin M, Iafolla T, Siegal MD, Tampi MP, Graham L, Estrich C, Carrasco-Labra A. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants: A report of the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016 Aug;147(8):672-682.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.06.001. PMID: 27470525.

Arora V, Arora P, Shammrani AA, Fahmi MK. Devices & Methods for pre-heating/pre-warming Dental Resin Composites: A Critical Appraisal. Int J Oral Health Med Res 2017;4(2):52-55.

Lopes LCP, Terada RSS, Tsuzuki FM et al. Heating and preheating of dental restorative materials—a systematic review. Clin Oral Invest 24, 4225–4235 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03637-2

Lucey S, Lynch C D, Ray N J, Burke F M, Hannigan A. Effect of pre-heating on the viscosity and microhardness of a resin composite. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 37: 278–282.

Patussi AFC, Ramacciato JC, da Silva JGR, et al. Preheating of dental composite resins: a scoping review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2023;35:646‐656. doi:10.1111/jerd.12991